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Generally a self-help group may consist of 10 to 20 persons. However, in difficult areas like deserts, hills and areas with scattered and sparse population and in case of minor irrigation and disabled persons, this number may be from 5-20. The difficult areas have to be identified by the State Level SGSY Committee and the above relaxation in membership will be permitted only in such areas.

The genesis of SHGs could be traced to mutual aid and trust in Indian rural society. Self Help Groups (SHGs) is the brain child of Noble Peace Prize Winner Prof.Mohammed Yunus who started Grameen Bank of Bangladesh as early as in 1976. Self help groups (SHGs) and Microfinance (MF) is the recent past has emerged as a potential instrument for poverty alleviation and financial inclusion and women empowerment.

The basic principles of the SHGs are group approach, mutual trust of small and manageable group, spirit of thrift, demand based lending, collateral free, poor-friendly loan, peer group pressure in repayment, skill training, capacity building and empowerment (Lalitha 1998). In the decade of nineties and twentieths National Agriculture Bank for Rural development (NABARD), Government Organization, Non government Organizations (NGOs), Micro Finance Institutions(MFIs), initiates and started Self help groups for microfinance, micro credit activities for the objectives of poverty alleviation, women empowerment and financial inclusion.

Government of India had decided to restructure the self-employment programmes, the earlier programmes were no long in operation. A new programme known Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) has been launched from April 1999. Broadly, the microfinance could be classified into the following model.